Upon completion of this continuing education seminar, participants will be able to:

1. Identify the structures of the coccyx and describe the anatomy and nerve innervation to the coccyx and its adjacent structures.
2. Explain the basic function of the coccyx and the role of the coccyx relating to the sacrum, inominates and lumbar spine during sitting, standing and walking.
3. Understand normal coccyx placement, displacement, and deviation.
4. Explain the function of the coccyx and how it relates to sitting, bowel function and the birthing process.
5. Review of the literature regarding coccyx pain and medical testing, medical treatments, medications and surgical techniques.
6. Effective use of modalities and taping techniques for neuromuscular re-education via video.
7. Effectively apply an up- or downtraining program for patients with coccyx dysfunction.
8. Create an appropriate plan of care relating to a patient’s symptoms and physical examination.
9. Learn basic treatment options to relieve the patient of coccyx pain during defecation and sitting